GLOBAL WARMING

GLOBAL WARMING

By : Putri Aries Safitri

The causes of global warming, caused by several factors, that are : first, global warming caused by solar radiation, its can increase of carbon dioxide upon the temperature of the earth’s surface. Second, global warming caused by the brightness of clouds depending on the optical the clouds and the way in which cloud nucleus concentration varies with in which cloud nucleus concentration varies with absorption optical thickness clouds the pollution increase the albedo also will increase with increase of pollution. Third, the cause of global warming is anthropogenic aerosol particles such as sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols particles from preindustrial times to the present day. Fourth, a range of human activities, which include majorly the burning of fossil fuels, industrial activities and the cutting down of forest for agricultural purposes and urbanization, are substantially increasing the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thereby upsetting this atmospheric chemical balance. The last is, the scientific claims behind the theory of man-made global warming by increase the pollution from their activity. That are the causes of global warming that takes from articles.

Carbon dioxide or CO2 emission from fossil fuel burning can increase global temperature warming from the all article resources. From the explanation above, the opinions from experts on carbon dioxide, which is as follows. First, CO2 not only affects the flux of net radiation at the earth’s surface but also the fluxes of sensible and latent heat from the earth’s surface to the atmosphere. Second, pollution may increase or decrease the brightness of clouds depending on the optical thickness of the clouds and the way in which cloud nucleus concentration varies with absorption optical thickness. Third, Global Warming advocates describe that CO2 is being a pollutant. Fourth, the high temperatures, may lead to increased release of CO2, methane and N2O from terrestrial ecosystems and to increased oceanic denitrification and stratification, resulting in nutrient limitation of algal growth reducing the CO2 sink to the ocean. Fifth, global warming can increase of atmospheric CO2 content is caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions – most importantly fossil fuel burning. The last is, most model simulations of Earth’s climate indicate that an increase in the atmospheric concentration of a greenhouse gas will lead to an increase in the average surface air temperature of the Earth. That are the opinion from experts that takes from articles.

The increasing global temperature from the all resources its different results. First, from the article 1, says that, “according to Plass, the doubling or halving of the C02 results in a temperature change of +3.8° or -3.6°C, respectively.” Second, from article 3 says that, “Observations (e.g., Trenberth et al. 2005) indicate an increase of 1.3% ± 0.3% decade¯1 from 1988 to 2001. With the earth’s surface warming of 0.2 K decade¯1 over the same period (Trenberth et al. 2007), a rate of total water vapor increase of indeed 7% K¯1 is observed.” Third, from article 5 says that, “The surface of the earth has warmed by an average of 1.0°C (1.8°F) in the last 100 years (IPCC, 2007a).” Fourth, from article 12 says that, “The overall global rise is considered to be 0.6°C ±0.2°C over 140 years.” From the last article, or from article 21 says that, “quoted by Kattenberg et al. predict an equilibrium temperature increase of 2.0 ± 0.6° C for simulations using double the current level of atmospheric CO2. Global mean temperatures have increased between 0.3 and 0.6° C during the last 150 years.” By explanation above its can be conclude that, the global temperature increase from 0.2°C to 3.8°C during the last 150 years. 

The effect of global warming, caused by several factors, that are : first, global warming increase of the temperature of the earth’s surface and atmospheric temperatures. Second, Global warming is having an impact on nature and society around the world, such as the melting of glaciers and frozen tundra, advancement in the springtime phenomenon in animals and plants, and habitat shifts. Global warming is expected to have a serious impact on water resources, ecosystems, food production and other aspects of life. Third, many species could be at risk from global warming, during the recent ice ages few extinctions are documented. The last is, Global Warming, can increase sea level, and during the last 100 years indicate that mean sea level has risen between 10 and 25 cm. That are the effect of global warming that takes from articles.

Climate and the greenhouse effect, from the article, it can be conclude that are : first, Owing to the increase in the greenhouse effect resulting from the increase in the concentration of CO2, there is a general warming in the model troposphere. On the other hand, large cooling occurs in the model stratosphere. Second, one of the most pressing environmental issues is global climate change related to rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The link between observed rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other GHGs, and observed rising global mean temperature and other climatic changes. Third, Greenhouse gases decrease the transparency, forcing the earth’s surface to become warmer until the energy emitted by the climate system balances the solar energy absorbed. Fourth, the climate and greenhouse effect can caused disturbed environment whose complexity allows faster migration than forecast for a continuous landscape, within which species move only at a single rate. The last is, an increase in surface air temperature would cause an increase in evaporation and generally higher levels of atmospheric water vapor. Changes in the climate system that are confidently predicted in response to increases in greenhouse gases include increases in mean surface air temperature, increases in global mean rates of precipitation and evaporation, rising sea level, and changes in the biosphere. That are the conclusions about climate and the greenhouse effect that takes from articles.